Enzymes have a very wide range of functions in living organisms. Both signal transduction and regulation of cellular activity rely on enzymes, especially kinases and phosphatases. Enzymes also involve in movement by catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP on myosin to make muscle contractions and can act as part of the cytoskeleton involved in transporting intracellular substances. ATP enzyme in the cell membrane as the ion pump involves in active transport.
In this articles, there introduces several enzymes’ biological functions from Creative Enzymes which may greatly help your study researches.
Since the study of cellulase has entered the molecular level, people have gradually explored the structure and function, gene regulation and genetic modification of cellulase.
Chitinase
Chitinase plays a very important physiological role in various organisms. In recent years, a variety of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins have been found in mammals, which plays a very important role in the inflammatory reaction.
Lipase
Lipases are involved in a variety of life processes, ranging from lipid metabolism to signal transduction and inflammatory response. Therefore, the activity of certain lipases is limited to specific cell compartments or outside the cell.
1. Lysosomal lipase is restricted in organelle lysosome;
2. Some lipases, such as pancreatic lipase, are secreted into cells to degrade lipids, while degradation products are more readily absorbed by the body;
3. Fungi and bacteria secrete lipase to aid the absorption of external nutrients;
4. Some bee venom contains phospholipase, which can strengthen the damage and inflammatory reaction after bee sting.
There are many kinds of enzymes which catalyze protein hydrolysis. The most important enzymes include pepsin, trypsin, proteinase, papain, subtilisin, etc. Protease have strict selectivity to the reaction substrate. A protease can only act on certain peptide bond in the protein molecules, for example, the peptide bond formed by catalyzing and hydrolyzing basic amino acids by trypsin.
Amylase
Amylase (glucoamylase) is an enzyme that breaks down starch and converts it into sugars. It has two main types of α and β. The doctor can use amylase to diagnose pancreatic diseases by blood and urine tests. Different levels of this enzyme in the blood can indicate the existence of pancreatic and related diseases, such as pancreatic cancer or bladder disease. The number of enzyme in urine can also help to check out the renal function.
Creative Enzymes is specialized in enzyme study for years of experience. Learn us more to understand all enzyme related information.
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